Abstract
We develop a quantum key distribution (QKD) system with fast active optical path length compensation. A rapid and reliable active optical path length compensation scheme is proposed and applied to a plug-and-play QKD system. The system monitors changes in key rates and controls it is own operation automatically. The system achieves its optimal performance within three seconds of operation, which includes a sifted key rate of 5.5 kbps and a quantum bit error rate of less than 2% after an abrupt temperature variation along the 25 km quantum channel. The system also operates well over a 24 h period while completing more than 60 active optical path length compensations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. L. Long, and X. S. Liu, Phys. Rev. A 65, 032302 (2002).
F. G. Deng, G. L. Long, and X. S. Liu, Phys. Rev. A 68, 042317 (2003).
F. G. Deng, and G. L. Long, Phys. Rev. A 69, 052319 (2004).
J. Y. Hu, B. Yu, M. Y. Jing, L. T. Xiao, S. T. Jia, G. Q. Qin, and G. L. Long, Light Sci. Appl. 5, e16144 (2016).
W. Zhang, D. S. Ding, Y. B. Sheng, L. Zhou, B. S. Shi, and G. C. Guo, 2016, arXiv: 1609.09184.
M. Hillery, V. Bužek, and A. Berthiaume, Phys. Rev. A 59, 1829 (1999).
C. H. Bennett, G. Brassad, in Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing (IEEE, Bangalore, 1984), pp. 175–179.
A. K. Ekert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 661 (1991).
C. H. Bennett, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3121 (1992).
H. K. Lo, X. Ma, and K. Chen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 230504 (2005).
T. G. Noh, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 230501 (2009), arXiv: 0809.3979.
A. Laing, V. Scarani, J. G. Rarity, and J. L. O’Brien, Phys. Rev. A 82, 012304 (2010), arXiv: 1003.1050.
H. K. Lo, M. Curty, and B. Qi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 130503 (2012), arXiv: 1109.1473.
S. Wang, Z. Q. Yin, W. Chen, D. Y. He, X. T. Song, H. W. Li, L. J. Zhang, Z. Zhou, G. C. Guo, and Z. F. Han, Nat. Photon. 9, 832 (2015).
A. R. Dixon, Z. L. Yuan, J. F. Dynes, A. W. Sharpe, and A. J. Shields, Opt. Express 16, 18790 (2008), arXiv: 0810.1069.
A. R. Dixon, Z. L. Yuan, J. F. Dynes, A. W. Sharpe, and A. J. Shields, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 161102 (2010), arXiv: 1005.4573.
P. D. Townsend, Nature 385, 47 (1997).
W. Chen, Z. F. Han, T. Zhang, H. Wen, Z. Q. Yin, F. X. Xu, Q. L. Wu, Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, X. F. Mo, Y. Z. Gui, G. Wei, and G. C. Guo, IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 21, 575 (2009).
T. Y. Chen, J. Wang, H. Liang, W. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, X. Jiang, Y. Wang, X. Wan, W. Q. Cai, L. Ju, L. K. Chen, L. J. Wang, Y. Gao, K. Chen, C. Z. Peng, Z. B. Chen, and J. W. Pan, Opt. Express 18, 27217 (2010).
S. Wang, W. Chen, Z. Q. Yin, Y. Zhang, T. Zhang, H. W. Li, F. X. Xu, Z. Zhou, Y. Yang, D. J. Huang, L. J. Zhang, F. Y. Li, D. Liu, Y. G. Wang, G. C. Guo, and Z. F. Han, Opt. Lett. 35, 2454 (2010), arXiv: 1203.4321.
M. Sasaki, M. Fujiwara, H. Ishizuka, W. Klaus, K. Wakui, M. Takeoka, S. Miki, T. Yamashita, Z. Wang, A. Tanaka, K. Yoshino, Y. Nambu, S. Takahashi, A. Tajima, A. Tomita, T. Domeki, T. Hasegawa, Y. Sakai, H. Kobayashi, T. Asai, K. Shimizu, T. Tokura, T. Tsurumaru, M. Matsui, T. Honjo, K. Tamaki, H. Takesue, Y. Tokura, J. F. Dynes, A. R. Dixon, A. W. Sharpe, Z. L. Yuan, A. J. Shields, S. Uchikoga, M. Legré, S. Robyr, P. Trinkler, L. Monat, J. B. Page, G. Ribordy, A. Poppe, A. Allacher, O. Maurhart, T. Länger, M. Peev, and A. Zeilinger, Opt. Express 19, 10387 (2011), arXiv: 1103.3566.
M. S. Lee, B. K. Park, M. K. Woo, C. H. Park, Y. S. Kim, S. W. Han, and S. Moon, Phys. Rev. A 94, 062321 (2016).
D. Stucki, M. Legré, F. Buntschu, B. Clausen, N. Felber, N. Gisin, L. Henzen, P. Junod, G. Litzistorf, P. Monbaron, L. Monat, J. B. Page, D. Perroud, G. Ribordy, A. Rochas, S. Robyr, J. Tavares, R. Thew, P. Trinkler, S. Ventura, R. Voirol, N. Walenta, and H. Zbinden, New J. Phys. 13, 123001 (2011), arXiv: 1203.4940.
P. Jouguet, S. Kunz-Jacques, T. Debuisschert, S. Fossier, E. Diamanti, R. Alléaume, R. Tualle-Brouri, P. Grangier, A. Leverrier, P. Pache, and P. Painchault, Opt. Express 20, 14030 (2012).
K. Yoshino, T. Ochi, M. Fujiwara, M. Sasaki, and A. Tajima, Opt. Express 21, 31395 (2013).
K. Shimizu, T. Honjo, M. Fujiwara, T. Ito, K. Tamaki, S. Miki, T. Yamashita, H. Terai, Z. Wang, and M. Sasaki, J. Lightwave Tech. 32, 141 (2014).
S. Wang, W. Chen, Z. Q. Yin, H. W. Li, D. Y. He, Y. H. Li, Z. Zhou, X. T. Song, F. Y. Li, D. Wang, H. Chen, Y. G. Han, J. Z. Huang, J. F. Guo, P. L. Hao, M. Li, C. M. Zhang, D. Liu, W. Y. Liang, C. H. Miao, P. Wu, G. C. Guo, and Z. F. Han, Opt. Express 22, 21739 (2014), arXiv: 1409.1568.
A. R. Dixon, J. F. Dynes, M. Lucamarini, B. Fröhlich, A. W. Sharpe, A. Plews, S. Tam, Z. L. Yuan, Y. Tanizawa, H. Sato, S. Kawamura, M. Fujiwara, M. Sasaki, and A. J. Shields, Opt. Express 23, 7583 (2015).
S. Wang, W. Chen, J. F. Guo, Z. Q. Yin, H. W. Li, Z. Zhou, G. C. Guo, and Z. F. Han, Opt. Lett. 37, 1008 (2012), arXiv: 1203.4323.
I. Choi, R. J. Young, and P. D. Townsend, New J. Phys. 13, 063039 (2011).
H. F. Zhang, J. Wang, K. Cui, C. L. Luo, S. Z. Lin, L. Zhou, H. Liang, T. Y. Chen, K. Chen, and J. W. Pan, J. Lightwave Tech. 30, 3226 (2012), arXiv: 1301.2383.
L. J. Zhang, Y. G. Wang, Z. Q. Yin, W. Chen, Y. Yang, T. Zhang, D. J. Huang, S. Wang, F. Y. Li, and Z. F. Han, Chin. Sci. Bull. 56, 2305 (2011).
J. Young. QKD system detector autocalibration based on bit-error rate, US Patent, US 11/110,227 (2005-04-20).
A. Muller, T. Herzog, B. Huttner, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, and N. Gisin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 793 (1997).
G. Ribordy, J. D. Gautier, N. Gisin, O. Guinnard, and H. Zbinden, Electron. Lett. 34, 2116 (1998).
Altera Incorporation, Stratix III Device Handbook (Altera Inc., 2010).
Micrel Incorporation, SY89295U Datasheet, (Micrel Inc., 2011).
Z. L. Yuan, A. R. Dixon, J. F. Dynes, A. W. Sharpe, and A. J. Shields, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 201104 (2008), arXiv: 0805.3414.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was supported by the ICT R&D programs of Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/Institute for Information & Communications Technology Promotion (Grant No. B0101-16-1355), the Korea Institute of Science and Technology research program (Grant No. 2E27231), and Korea Institute of Science and Technology-Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute research program (Grant No. 2V05340).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Park, B.K., Lee, M.S., Woo, M.K. et al. QKD system with fast active optical path length compensation. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 60, 060311 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-017-9026-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-017-9026-8